Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, izindlu uphuhliso sele ballooned kwi-China njengoko yayo uqoqosho siqulunqeUkusukela ngo, urhulumente sele zibhengezwe i-commercialization ka-izindlu basezidolophini. Ipropati nophuhliso ingaba baba omkhulu ishishini kwi-China, kunye entsha zixeko suburbs springing phezulu kunye entsha apartments. Enye injongo ebalulekileyo ye-Isitshayina urhulumente yazisa building okwenzeke kuwo China ukukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, ipropati uphuhliso kwi-China ngu vastly outgrowing inani abantu abo unako ukuthenga kubo apho sociologists bonisa enkulu nkxalabo phezu kwaye argue ukuba ezikhokelela ukuya deepening loluntu izahlulo kweli lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuba phakathi kwe- kwaye, China uza yongeza ezinye yezigidi abantu yayo oluphakathi udidi oluphakathi. Ngokunxulumene a nzulu ngokuthi McKinsey, ipesenti ye-China ke engaselunxwemeni amakhaya baba mbasa 'ngokwesiqu eliphakathi' iklasi ngo- kodwa liza kunyuka liye ipesenti ye-China ke engaselunxwemeni bonke ngo. Ngenxa lokukhula inani ephakamileyo-ukubhatala high-tech kwaye inkonzo ishishini imisebenzi, ipesenti uza kanjalo icalulwe njengoko 'ephezulu eliphakathi' class. Omtsha elizayo surge kwi-ezongezelelweyo ephezulu oluphakathi udidi oluphakathi earns ngaphezu 'ngokwesiqu oluphakathi udidi oluphakathi', kwaye yiyo loo nto kukuba nako afford ephakamileyo kukrazulwa, ngakumbi lwamanzi kwaye ichaza a malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ukuba oku entsha kuvuka kwi-unprecedented forecasted inani 'ephezulu oluphakathi udidi oluphakathi' babe nako ukwenza ngcono thelekisa inani elikhulu ipropati okwenzeke kwixesha elizayo. Abaninzi apartments, hotels kwaye iivenkile bahlala engenanto kuba iminyaka ekubeni ngokuba umoya oyingcwele izixeko okanye oyingcwele malls, kunye ezininzi Isitshayina ayikwazi afford kwabo.
Njengoko Umhloli athi, 'Ukuba kukho into enye ukuba annoys umntu kwi-Beirut omnibus, kubalulekile iindleko izindlu kwi-China ke izixeko.
Nangona kunjalo, oyingcwele izixeko kwi-China kuba kokuba i-phantsi-kusini na iqondo impumelelo kwi-ukuzalisa phezulu. Ngokunxulumene Wade Shepherd, emva oyingcwele izixeko uba a thriving isixeko, baya ayisasebenzi kuba kakhulu wathetha malunga isihloko entshona eendaba. Eks oyingcwele izixeko ingaba kuyanqaphazekaarely iindaba kuthelekiswa xa babeza oyingcwele izixeko.
Wade athi, 'Oko ngokubanzi kuthatha ubuncinane i-decade kuba China ke entsha engaselunxwemeni okwenzeke ukuqala i-france inertia ka-stagnation.
Kodwa kanye abayenzayo, abo bakholisa ukuba bagcine lokukhula, ekugqibeleni ukuxuba ngo ngokubanzi engaselunxwemeni lembonakalo yomhlaba kwaye yokulahla zabo"oyingcwele isixeko"umbhalo. Lo mba of iindleko izindlu kwi-China, waba akusebenzi ukuba izindlu kwimakethi phambi- kwi-China. Phambi ngoo, ukwakhiwa izindlu kwi-China waba sacrificed kuba uphuhliso imizi-mveliso kwaye mveliso ukukhula. Ukwakhiwa kwamaziko izindlu ishishini kuphela wafumana encinane indawana imeko-mali esifunyenweyo ukuqhubeka yokuphuhlisa ishishini.
Low rents kuba engaselunxwemeni izindlu baba enticing ukuba abantu abaninzi, ebangela ezikhoyo izindlu ibe rented ngaphandle ngokukhawuleza, zinika urhulumente abancinane imali kuba ezixabisekileyo isithuba ngabo renting ngaphandle.
Oku kukhokelele a shortage ka-izindlu kwaye shortage ka-mali ukwakha ngakumbi izindlu.
Phakathi kweminyaka kwaye ngowama, iyonke imali eyabelwe le izindlu ishishini ukususela Isitshayina urhulumente sele lenyuka ukusuka cap, yuan kwi sika-ngaphandle incopho ka-amahlanu ezigidi yuan, ebonisa a ukuvuselelwa inzala kuzo izindlu zophuhliso nje eminyaka ukususela Isitshayina urhulumente emva kweminyaka limited inkxaso-mali ngakulo engaselunxwemeni izindlu iiprojekthi. I-Isitshayina urhulumente kwapapashwa kwi-Matshi injongo yokwakha amathathu anesithandathu yezigidi kwiyunithi ye izindlu ngowama. u-million iiyunithi kuwo China a asixhenxe ukwanda ukwakhiwa kwakhiwe izindlu kuthelekiswa ne- ukwakhiwa. Ngo, Isitshayina builders kuba wongeza anamashumi bhiliyoni isikwere iinyawo zakhe izindlu isithuba kwi-China, equating ukuba isikwere fithi ngomzuzu omnye umntu. Ukwakhiwa kwamaziko engaselunxwemeni izindlu waba enkulu ukuzibophelela. Eli lizwe libonise enkulu shift kwi-allocating imali kwaye izinto izindlu zabo bantu, ukwakha phezu. zintlanu yezigidi apartments phakathi kweminyaka ka- kwaye kwi-China ke izixeko. Ezi ukwakhiwa amaphulo yabelwe libhunga ukuba urhulumente impembelelo umsebenzi umsebenzi kwimakethi kwi-China ngokunjalo. Ngo, yedwa, amashumi amabini anesithoba yezigidi abantu baba uqeshiwe kwi-engaselunxwemeni ukwakhiwa amashishini jikelele-China. I- uqikelelo yi-ipropati abaphononongi urhulumente ukuba kukho ezinye yezigidi engenanto iimpahla kwaye apartments kwi-China kwaye ukuba izindlu uphuhliso kwi-China ngu massively oversupplied kwaye overvalued, kwaye a bubble ulinde ukuba burst kunye ezinzima zoko kwixesha elizayo. I-BBC cites Ordos kwi-Ngaphakathi Emongolia njengoko nani likhulu oyingcwele town kwi-China, ezele engenanto inqwelo malls kwaye apartment complexes.
Nangona kunjalo kukho kuba kamva waziva contradictions ukuba olu phawu bubble inkumbulo njengoko umzekelo, CNN ngowama- kanjalo cites Elitsha emzantsi Afrika ne-China Mall kwi-Dongguan, wemiceli-inqwelo mall ehlabathini, kwaba enyanisweni engenanto kuba phezu-decade.
Kwaye ukuba yalo mhlaba baba omiselwe ukwenza mall epheleleyo occupancy kwakhona. Kwi- emva renovations, mall ngu kusini na phantse ngexesha elipheleleyo occupancy kwaye akukho ixesha elide 'oyingcwele mall'. Ebonisa ukuba theoretical izizathu a ipropati bubble ukwenza oko a oyingcwele mall ngowama, angabi kuba nkqu ukuba isigqibo ifekta kunikwa kuphela utshintsho baba renovations ukuzisa kwi-ngokwesiqu tenants.
Tho enkulu, kwaye largely uninhabited engaselunxwemeni real estate uphuhliso wenziwe constructed km ukusuka Dongsheng Wesithili kwi-Kangbashi Entsha Indawo. Intended endlwini a million yabantu, ihlala largely uninhabited Intended ukuba ingaba, abahlali ngo, urhulumente amanani kuchazwe waba, abahlali ngeli xesha.
Noko ke, ngowama, oyingcwele isixeko ilebhile ngu ngaphantsi semthethweni ukuba beka phantsi kwi Ordos Kangbashi. Ngokunxulumene ingxelo ngowama, abantu behlabathi sele ukwanda ukuba, abantu abahlala apho, amashishini ingaba ngoku kulo msebenzi, kwaye izindlu amaxabiso kuba risen roughly amahlanu kumndilili ukususela end ka. Ye, apartments ukuba bebe wakha i-the new wesithili ukusukela ngo, kuphela amakhulu amahlanu ingaba? kwiindawo zentengiso. Oko argue ukuba wesizwe lwezentlalo-izindlu Inkqubo disproportionally izibonelelo - engaselunxwemeni abantu behlabathi kwaye ukuba asingabo kuphela unako abaninzi lwasemaphandleni amahlwempu ill afford izindlu ezintsha kwi - izixeko, kodwa baye kanjalo ukulifumana kunzima ukufumana indlu-ubhaliso iziqinisekiso (hukou).
I-izindlu uphuhliso schemes kanjalo echaphazela le ubalo yentswela-ngqesho njengoko kanye izindlu nophuhliso ingaba ikhaya, abasebenzi babe wabeka ngaphandle.
Ngokunxulumene yangaphambili Umlawuli we-China ke Izindlu Real Estate Yolawulo Bureau, Unjingalwazi Lin, njengoko ka, Beirut kokuba i-avareji. amashumi amane-nye abantu ngamnye igumbi kuwo isixeko China ke izindlu amaxabiso ingaba ngokusondeleleneyo enxulumene phezulu eyinkunzi ubuyisela kwaye icebo reallocation. China ke izindlu amaxabiso zithe lokukhula phantse kabini ngokukhawuleza kangangoko-national ingeniso kwezinyanga-decade, nangona eliphezulu umyinge wezithuba kwaye eliphezulu bezinga kubuyela eyinkunzi. I-bubble kukho ngenxa phezulu eyinkunzi ubuyisela asukelwa yi-icebo reallocation asingawo oluzinzileyo kwi-sebenzisa ixesha elide. Rational okulindelweyo ka-nomdla elizayo imfuneko enye stores ka-ixabiso unako njalo induce ngoku productive agents ukuba speculate kwi-izindlu kwiindawo zentengiso. 'China ke izindlu amaxabiso zithe lokukhula phantse kabini ngokukhawuleza kangangoko-national ingeniso kwezinyanga-decade, nangona eliphezulu umyinge wezithuba kwaye eliphezulu bezinga kubuyela eyinkunzi. I-bubble kukho ngenxa phezulu eyinkunzi ubuyisela asukelwa yi-icebo reallocation asingawo oluzinzileyo kwi-sebenzisa ixesha elide.
Rational okulindelweyo ka-nomdla elizayo imfuneko enye stores ka-ixabiso unako njalo induce ngoku productive agents ukuba speculate kwi-izindlu kwimakethi'.
