Uqalise ukusebenza ngomhla wo- juni, ka
'PAPER Yeshishini Bankruptcy Umthetho' yi Emi Ikomiti yebhunga Oweshumi Wesizwe Abantu u-Congress of the PAPER ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithathu intlanganiso amabini anesixhenxe kweyethupha kowama, yamkelwa ukuze ukulawula bankruptcy nkqubo, isidima clearing amatyala, ukukhuselwa, i-legitimate amalungelo izinto ezichaphazela creditors kwaye abanamatyala, i-safeguard socialist kwimakethi loqoqosho ukuze, ngoko ke yenza lo mthethoUkuqonda ukubaluleka le umthetho omtsha, kuphela ukuyibona endaweni endala bankruptcy umthetho ukuba Isebe kumgca manani. Umthetho ekuqaleni China ke kwezoqoqosho reforms ube wenziwe amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo kuzo zonke bankruptcy iingxoxo iza kufakwa kwi-government dominance. Ezivaliweyo ngenxa bankruptcy ngenxa yokoyika unemployed abasebenzi kwi-imo-owned ezingama-kuza kukhokelela loluntu isiphithiphithi, ubudala bankruptcy mthetho ukuze uqwalaselwe kwi - ezopolitiko kugxila ngaphezu kwezoqoqosho imibandela. Lo mthetho uza bankrupt i-izinto ezichaphazela abasebenzi ibekwe ngaphezu izinto ezichaphazela creditors. Abucala kule umthetho okanye ngokulula hayi ezikhankanyiweyo, ngoko ke bankruptcy abucala ezingama-wenziwe ukuba akukho cacisa umthetho osebenzayo ukulawula. omtsha bankruptcy umthetho China Ukumiselwa omtsha bankruptcy umthetho kanjalo ivumela kuba bankruptcy umyalelo wokhuselo kwi-Beirut okokuqala ithuba angenise ingcamango of China. Icandelo lama- lomthetho, ngokusekelwe iinkampani ukwenza filing kuba bankruptcy reorganization emva rebirth, ekubeni ukuba settle kwi ezivaliweyo iindlela, bankruptcy inkundla inamandla kusamkela eso yeshishini phantsi kolawulo Umphathi ukulawula ipropati yabo kwaye ishishini imicimbi. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba omtsha bankruptcy umthetho uza ngonaphakade kuba olugqibeleleyo. Abanye vulnerabilities ayikwazi sizathu amalungu ezopolitiko ukuqhubeka intervene kwi-corporate bankruptcy imicimbi. Umzekelo, nangona bankruptcy wonyulwa ukuba kwentlawulo ka-corporate lwabalawuli zibe iingcali, kodwa baya kufumana ilungelo lokonyula lwabagwebi abakhoyo rhoqo hayi iingcali. Njengoko ingeniso inqanaba lwabalawuli ingaba ngakumbi kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubonelelwa yi-inkundla kunokuba i-creditor, ngoko ke lwabagwebi kwaye zabo abahlobo kwi-urhulumente wengingqi uza kufumana i-ngakumbi interventionist bankruptcy imicimbi ukunceda. Kodwa omtsha bankruptcy umthetho ingu ebalulekileyo ngena kwi-ilungelo icala, ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele kule restructuring of China ngu-mali esithile abachaphazelekayo. China 's-mali inkqubo ingu plagued yi-enkulu inani engalunganga amatyala yintsholongwane bankruptcy. Ngokunxulumene i-american Institute kuba Ngamazwe uqoqosho lwezolimo kwi comment ingxwaba (Institute kuba Ngamazwe Ezoqoqosho) kutsha nje uqikelelo ukuba China 's iyonke engalunganga ityala no ipesenti lizwe 's GDP. Ukuba Isitshayina banking kwicandelo lezolimo ukuze withstand i-downturn kwi-kuhlumo loqoqosho kwi-uvavanyo, kufuneka sibe ukusombulula ingxaki ka-engalunganga amatyala. I-Bankruptcy nemigaqo-nkqubo Ngoko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, corporate bankruptcy iingxoxo zithe ngoko ke vague ukuba China ke, zine - imo-owned iibhanki kwaye abanye abalobi shareholders abo benza mismanaged liquidation bankruptcy malunga prohibitive. Nangona Isitshayina iibhanki ukufumana ulawulo unesabelo naye kwi-iinkampani ezininzi ngokusebenzisa ityala-ezilinganayo tshintsha intengiselwano, bank intends ukuba beze ngaphambili kodwa akukho ngqo zolawulo maqumrhu. Ezi iibhanki asingawo walungiselela ukuba ndigwebe umngcipheko ka-abucala ngeendlela ezininzi amatyala abo? bakholisa ukuba inkxaso wobulali noorhulumente imeko-owned okanye private abolekisa. Ngoko ke omtsha bankruptcy umthetho ngokukodwa ukuphuhlisa imiqathango kuba ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo-mali nee-arhente ukuba isicelo enkundleni kuba bankruptcy reorganization okanye liquidation-mali amaziko. Xa inkampani kwangena bankruptcy iingxoxo, liquidation olungcwele, zingaphi creditors amalungiselelo 'PAPER Yeshishini Bankruptcy Umthetho ephepheni ngu enjalo yokuba zilawulwe: (a). kwi KUTHI sele ezimbini iinjongo: ukukhusela a debtor ngokunika kwabo a inyama qala free from creditor ke amabango, ukuqinisekisa kwebhodi unyango ukuba creditors abakhoyo ethengisela kuba debtor ke impahla yexabiso. Uncedo Isahluko se - zisixhenxe ubonelela liquidation iingxoxo - uthengisa bonke nonexempt yexabiso kunye unikezelo ye-proceeds ukuba debtor u-creditors.
Isahluko se-elinanye governs reorganizations.
Izahluko elinesibini kwaye ishumi elinesithathu sinika uhlenga-hlengiso ka-amatyala yi-amaqela kunye rhoqo imivuzo ezifana usapho abalimi nosapho fisherman phantsi Isahluko elinesibini kwaye abantu phantsi Isahluko. Critically luhlole i-salient imisebenzi, reforms kwaye innovations enxulumene umntu insolvency njengoko kuchazwe njalo kumgaqo-Kenyan Insolvency Oyilwayo njengoko contrasted kunye enxulumene insolvency ka-yendalo abantu idityaniswe kwaye unincorporated imizimba ukubonelela enye nemigaqo-nkqubo ukuba kuza kwenza imicimbi insolvent yendalo abantu kulawulwa ngenxa yoncedo lwabo creditors ukubonelela kuba liquidation ka-idityaniswe imizimba (kuquka solvent okkt) ukubonelela njengoko i-okungokunye liquidation nemigaqo-nkqubo ukuba kuza kwenza imicimbi enjalo abo imizimba njengoko baba insolvent ukuba abe zilawulwa lisebe ngenxa yoncedo lwabo creditors nokulungiselela enxulumene kwaye incidental imicimbi Umntu insolvency ibhekisa inability a debtor ukuhlawula amatyala akhe njengoko kwaye xa baya kuwa ngenxa. Oyedwa imeko ibhekisa yendalo abantu kuphela kwaye hayi amakhulu. ISIQALO Lo mthetho usayilwayo waba ube wenziwe ukuba streamline regulation kwaye umnini amashishini kwi-Guyana ukumiselwa yi-ngamazwe eyona iindlela ezilungileyo kwi corporate sele elide imbali kwaye kuphela isishwankathelo engundoqo okwenzeke zibe kukhankanyiwe Isishwankathelo.
Ingingqi bankruptcy iinkqubo njengoko Isihlomelo
Umthetho wama - aimed ikakhulu e securing uphawu lwe debtor kuba yakhe creditors. Umthetho wama - eyandisiweyo yolawulo zahlukane - matyala kwaye imisebenzi yolawulo. I-matyala imisebenzi zihleli vested kwi-ephakamileyo kwaye Khawunti Iinkundla ngexesha yolawulo imisebenzi baba transferred kwi-Board of Trade. Oko yazise icandelo ikhona imini. Omnye uxanduva njengokuba paralegal kukuba kuqhuba uphando. Kukho uluhlu lwezinto ezisisiseko kwaye kuluncedo zokusebenza kuba practitioners kwaye mba. Careful ukufunda, ngokusebenza kunye yokutolika ingaba ibaluleke kakhulu ngemali ukuba ukuzithwala ngaphandle i kakuhle uphando. Ekupheleni nganye ikhowudi candelo, kukho"Zembali kwaye Uphengululo Izikhumbuzo"ukuba ingaba eluncedo kwi-lucacisa intsingiselo ethile ulungiselelo kwaye kanjalo exabisekileyo lwesibini imvelaphi ukufumana iimpendulo Kakubi Zokuthintela kunye Consumer Protection Act ka-Written yi-Uwilliam W. Walker Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky kwaye Popeo, P. BostonSales ka-abanamatyala' impahla yexabiso kwi-Nkqubo kukubonelela ukuba ukuthengisa a debtor ke impahla yexabiso eyenzeka emva kokuba isaziso bonke creditors kwaye ithuba kuba kwetyala. Kwimeko a hayi onenzuzo ezimeleyo (i -"NFP"), isakhono senkqubo debtor kuyo impahla yexabiso layo kwi Kukamongameli Bush ngoaprili, uza kufumana i-ngqo nefuthe iintengiso ka-NFP debtor impahla yexabiso. Ngexesha elininzi nje izilungiso kuwo Code ayisayi siqalile de oktobha, ezi zihlomelo lixoxiwe apha waba ukusebenza ngowoku-kutshazimpunzi wama, kuba zombini entsha kwaye kumiselwe ingaba osisigxina onikwe imvume yokulahlela ka-unsecured amatyala, oko kuthetha ukuba njengoko ixesha elide njengoko kukho akukho iimpahla iqhotyoshelwe ukuba amatyala, onke amatyala iya kuba wiped ngaphandle. Oluzenzekelayo hlala ii-odolo umyalelo wenkuselo ukusuka inkundla ukuba uza kuyiphelisa zonke creditors ukusuka nayo kuwe. Ngabo prohibited ukusuka zonke harassing****, lawsuits, ifowuni ngefowuni, nezigwebo, repossessions, kwaye garnishments. Gcina exempt ipropati xa abantu gcina ipropati yabo encinane. Umzekelo ukuba unayo khaya izinto okanye ifenitshala ka-avareji ixabiso, kubalulekile kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ukugcina yakho personal ipropati. Ukugcina indlu yakho kwaye car xa ukwazi? wenze intlawulo yezavenge zakho mortgage okanye imoto-mboleko kwaye uyakwazi ukugcina indlu yakho okanye imoto kwi Isahluko nesixhenxe. Ukuze ukwenza njalo, ubuya kuba ukuba umqondiso a reaffirmation sivumelwano. Akuvumelekanga elicetyiswayo kwifayili kuba reaffirmation isivumelwano, kufuneka kwakhona kuqhubeka ukwenza zakho zenyanga intlawulo. I-reaffirmation isivumelwano kubuyisela yakho yoqobo sivumelwano kwaye lenza ngokungathi ufuna asikwazanga ifayile kwindlela yakho mortgage okanye imoto-mboleko. Ipropati awukwazi gcina iqhele non-exempt kwaye zingasetyenziswa ukuhlawula creditors inxalenye ibango. Non-exempt ipropati ufumana imali bonds, ezilinganayo kwi-yesibini ekhaya, utyalo mali, exabisekileyo qokelela ezifana stamps, paintings, zemali, njalo-njalo. Yintoni injongo a creditors ibe ihlawulwe kwi-epheleleyo okanye ipesenti ngokusekelwe impahla yexabiso okokuba baba ezikhoyo. Kukho Isahluko elinanye nto kuba ishishini. Isahluko se-elinanye ivumela a imicimbi ququzelela kwakhona yalo msebenzi nezimali ngoko ke ukuba uyakwazi ukuhlawula yayo creditors. Ngamanye amaxesha Isahluko elinanye kwelinye iqumrhu kungathatha phezu yoqobo iqumrhu kwi-reorganization.
Creditors ingaba wathi, ukunika iqumrhu ixesha ququzelela kwakhona kwaye ahlawule amatyala.
Ngoko ke, kukho Isahluko ishumi elinesithathu nto reorganization kuba abantu. Isahluko ishumi elinesithathu inika abantu a ithuba ukuhlawula creditors kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu nge-Trustee. Uninzi impahla yexabiso unako kugcinwa kuxhomekeke yintoni ipesenti amatyala iya kuhlawulwa. Ukuba debtor ngu ukubhatala i-creditors kwi ngokupheleleyo ngoko babeya kuba nako ukugcina zonke iimpahla zexabiso.
Oku ikhona kuphela kuba abanamatyala kunye verifiable disposable income.
Yokugqibela uhlobo ngu Isahluko elinesibini nto kuba abalimi kwaye fishermen (LII Zomthetho Ulwazi Institute). Kugqityiwe ka-whichever isahluko isetyenziswa, creditor efumana"inyama qala". Mhlophe Collar ulwaphulo-Mthetho Kutheni le mbasa mhlophe collar. kwi ukusebenza e-United States ukususela ngo-oktobha. Ukwakhiwa Isivumelwano - isivumelwano phakathi a debtor kwaye ezininzi creditors kuba repayment eliyingozi.
Ezahluka-hlukeneyo reorganization iingxoxo yokuziphatha (Ch, abalishumi elinesibini kwaye) ingaba judicially ikuvumile ukwakhiwa izivumelwano.
Creditors - ezimeleyo kunye ibango arising phambi filing a proceeding apho debtor ufuna uqinisekiso ka-isicwangciso ukuba uya kubuyekeza creditors ngexesha ayeke i-debtor ekugcineni iimpahla okanye kuqhubeka kulo mcimbi. Yeenkqubo permitted yi-Izahluko, abalishumi elinesibini kwaye ishumi elinesithathu ye.
