Eli nqaku ikhangeleka ngomhla imiba enxulumene ne-ukunyanzeliswa arbitral mbasa ukususela Hong Kong Ngamazwe Arbitration Centre, kwaye Singapore Ngamazwe Arbitration Centre, Abantu ke Republic of ChinaArbitration kusenokuba i-ngobuchule ndlela ukusombulula zasekuhlaleni kwaye abarhwebayo disputes. Abaninzi khetha ukusebenzisa arbitration njengoko kunjalo ziyimfihlo kwi-indalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngaphezulu predictable kwaye manageable. Ngaphezulu, inkoliso langaphandle zeenkundla asingawo ngqo enforceable kwi-China - interestingly, Hong Kong zeenkundla ingaba enforceable kwi-China kuphela ngokunxulumene olukhawulezileyo lwemali ii-odolo, kwaye ingabi ngokunxulumene nezinye iintlobo ii-odolo ezifana injunctions kwaye iiodolo ethile yokusebenza. Ukongeza, iinqwelo-enxulumene iimeko wahlala China yi-arbitration i-akhawunti ye-jikelele. ezintandathu bonke arbitration iimeko wahlala-China Onikiweyo nje controversies involving ezinye China ke arbitration imizimba, abaninzi amaqela ukhethe kuba zabo China-enxulumene zasekuhlaleni kwaye abarhwebayo disputes arbitrated yi-langaphandle arbitration amaziko ezifana nezo kwi-Hong Kong okanye Singapore. Kwi-China, uninzi ethandwa kakhulu arbitration iziko uqhubekeka kuba China Ngamazwe Loqoqosho Urhwebo Arbitration Ikhomishini. Ngaphandle langaphandle arbitration amaziko nomngeni ne-China imicimbi, kubonakala ngathi i-Hong Kong Ngamazwe Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) kwaye Singapore Ngamazwe Arbitration Centre (SIAC) ingaba kakhulu ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yabo bekhamera kwaye yenkcubeko iimbumbano ne-China. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela, ukuba kanye litigant wafumana arbitral kweelwimi, ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokuba opposing iqela isamkele kweelwimi kwaye honors yayo mimiselo, kuya kuba kuyimfuneko ukuba enforce ukuba arbitral kweelwimi nge inkundla kwi-China. I-enforcements ka-arbitral mbasa esikhutshwe HKIAC kwaye SIAC involve ezahlukeneyo nemigaqo-nkqubo, ukususela Hong Kong yimeko ekhethekileyo yolawulo ingingqi belonging ukuba China kodwa Singapore, ngathi uninzi ezinye kwaphuhliswa amazwe, ilungu Enew York Sivumelwano. Kwi, Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla ekhutshwe i-Ukubhengezwa Amalungiselelo lesiqu Abantu ke, Inkundla kwi Reciprocal Ukunyanzeliswa Arbitration Mbasa phakathi Mainland kwaye i-Hong Kong Eyodwa Yolawulo Kummandla (Ukwaziswa) esibizwa yamkelwa yi-Matyala Ikomiti lesiqu Abantu ke, Inkundla ngesicelo th kwintlanganiso ngomhla we-ishumi elinesibhozo juni. Ngokunxulumene Ukubhengezwa, ukuba uba kukho imfuneko enforce i-arbitral kweelwimi esikhutshwe HKIAC, umntu angafaka isicelo kwi-intermediate abantu ke iinkundla e endaweni domicile, okanye ummandla propati ka-iqela ngokuchasene naye isicelo ukunyanzeliswa ngu ezenziwe sesi sibini kwi-China. Inkundla iya kufuna ukunikezelwa kwengxelo ezahlukeneyo amaxwebhu, kwaye ukuba azibhalwanga kwi-Isitshayina, iinguqulelo iya kuba kuyimfuneko. Ezi amaxwebhu ziquka i-aplikeshini ye-ukunyanzeliswa, itywinwe iikopi arbitral kweelwimi(ii) ikopi yesivumelwano apho igunyazise arbitration kwaye banikwa kolawulo lwesixeko ukuba HKIAC. Inqaku abane - Ukubhengezwa uthi ukuba isicelo ukunyanzeliswa siyakuchaza ulwazi-sicelo kwaye ummangalelwa, ikopi yeshishini yobhaliso (ukuba ngu-sicelo langaphandle isemthethweni iqumrhu okanye omnye umbutho, ehambelanayo notarized kwaye angqinwe ubunyani mathiriyali ziya kungeniswa), qho ngonyaka we-ukunyanzeliswa isicelo, umxholo isicelo, iinkcukacha malunga indawo ummangalelwa yayo, impahla nezinye iinkcukacha.
Ezimanyeneyo Sivumelwano ngomhla ukuthathela ingqalelo kwaye Ukunyanzeliswa Langaphandle Arbitral Mbasa ("Enew York Convention") waba formulated Enew York kwi ishumi juni.
China bazimanya Enew York Convention formally kwi, amashumi amabini januwari, kwaye waba kakuhle kwi-China kwi, amashumi amabini kutshazimpunzi wama. Singapore kanjalo ilungu Convention enjalo ukuba kuyenzeka ukuba ngqo enforce i-arbitral kweelwimi kwi-SIAC, kwi-China. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa ratifying-New York Convention, China wenza reservation ingxelo apho kuya pointed phandle ukuba Convention kusebenza kuphela ngomhla isiseko reciprocity kwaye kuya kuphela isicelo disputes lwayo oluvela contractual kwaye non-contractual abarhwebayo isemthethweni budlelwane nabanye. Inqaku ezintathu ye-New York Sivumelwano sichaza ukuba"Ngamnye Iqumrhu Likarhulumente uya aqonde arbitral mbasa njengoko bophelela kwaye enforce kwabo ngokungqinelana imithetho umgaqo-nkqubo we-territory apho kweelwimi ngu relied phezu, phantsi kweemeko wabeka phantsi zilandelayo amanqaku.
Akusayi kubakho imposed substantially ngakumbi onerous iimeko okanye ngaphezulu imirhumo okanye iintlawulo kwi i-ingqwalasela okanye ukunyanzeliswa arbitral mbasa apho esi Sivumelwano usebenza kunokuba ingaba imposed kwi ingqwalasela okanye ukunyanzeliswa domestic arbitral mbasa."Inkundla ingayalela walile aqonde kwaye enforce i-arbitral kweelwimi phantsi ezisixhenxe iimeko ezidweliswe Inqaku ezintlanu kwi-Enew York Sivumelwano. Ezi iimeko ziquka Amaqela ukuba arbitration sivumelwano, phantsi komthetho osebenza nabo, phantsi abanye incapacity, okanye wathi isivumelwano ayisebenzi phantsi komthetho apho amaqela kuba subjected kwayo okanye, failing na uphawu thereon, phantsi komthetho lizwe apho kweelwimi lenziwa okanye.
Iqela ngokuchasene naye kweelwimi ngu ubizwe akazange anikwe efanelekileyo isaziso ukuqeshwa ye-arbitrator okanye arbitration iingxoxo okanye waba ngenye indlela ayikwazi imizamo yakhe meko okanye. Le mbasa uya kufumanisa kunye umahluko hayi acamngcwe ngumthetho okanye hayi falling ngaphakathi ngokwemiqathango yecandelo ukufakwa komthetho osayilwayo ukuze arbitration, okanye iqulathe izigqibo kwi imicimbi ngaphaya umda we-france ukuba arbitration, kuvunyelwa ukuba, ukuba izigqibo kwi imicimbi ayingenisileyo, arbitration unako zohlulwe ukusuka abo hayi ke ayingenisileyo, ukuba yinxalenye kweelwimi apho iqulathe izigqibo kwi imicimbi ayingenisileyo, arbitration zibe lunxulumano kwaye isetyenzisiwe okanye. Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo arbitral igunya okanye arbitral umgaqo-nkqubo akazange ngokungqinelana isivumelwano zamaqela, okanye, failing eso sivumelwano, akazange ezilalini lizwe apho arbitration wathabatha indawo okanye. Le mbasa alifumanisanga kodwa kuba ezibophelelayo amaqela, okanye wenziwe bucala okanye ugxothiwe ngokuthi kuqeshwe igunya lizwe apho, okanye phantsi komthetho apho, ukuba kweelwimi lenziwa. Ngokungqinelana Inqaku ezintathu ye-Umjikelezo ka-Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla kwi Ukuphumeza Sivumelwano ngomhla ukuthathela ingqalelo kwaye Ukunyanzeliswa Langaphandle Arbitral Mbasa Engene nge-China (Umjikelezo) esibizwa esikhutshwe Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla kwi ishumi kutshazimpunzi wama, i-ukunyanzeliswa isicelo iya kuba ezenziwe sesi sibini ye intermediate abantu ke, inkundla. I-ukunyanzeliswa isicelo iya kuba ezenziwe sesi sibini zilandelayo Intermediate Abantu ke iinkundla. Ukuba umfaki-Sicelo ayina yokuhlala okanye igqwetha oluphezulu-office kwi-China, kodwa ingaba ipropati kwi-China, ngomhla inkundla apho ipropati ukhoyo. Emva kokuba inkundla kunye kolawulo lwesixeko wamkela isicelo, kuya luhlole i-arbitration kweelwimi kuqala. Ukuba inkundla ikholelwa ukuba iimeko ezidweliswe Subparagraph enye kwaye Subparagraph ababini Inqaku ezintlanu ye-New York Convention zikho, kuya umthetho ukuba iyasebenza le mbasa uya kuba lunxulumano kwaye ukuba kweelwimi uya kuba isetyenzisiwe ngokunxulumene PAPER Zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-Nkqubo Nomthetho njengoko ulungisiwe (kuquka yayo nje izilungiso kuwo, apho yaba kunye nogcino ii-odolo kunye nezinye ebalulekileyo elicebo imiba). Disclaimer: Xa wonke umzamo omkhulu wenziwe made ukuqinisekisa kuchaneka le upapasho, ayinjalo intended ukubonelela isemthethweni ingcebiso njengoko umntu kwiimeko uza differ kwaye kufuneka uxoxwa angeliso ingcali kwaye okanye lawyer.
