Arbitration ngokuqhelekileyo inika speedier isisombululo
Kweli nqaku, siza kunika amavandlakanya inkqubo esemthethweni-sikhokelo kwaye afanelekileyo iqhosha imiba kwi-inshorensi coverage imbambano isisombululo kwi-ChinaChina ngu-inshorensi umthetho ufuna i-inshorensi isivumelwano ukuqulatha imbambano isisombululo lungiselelo. Kwi-China, uninzi i-inshorensi disputes ingaba kugqitywe nge-noba litigation okanye arbitration.
Mediation yindlela esetyenziswa rhoqo ngaphakathi litigation kwaye arbitration iingxoxo kwi kungokuzithandela qho.
Ukusetyenziswa kuma-yedwa institutional mediation in leqela le-inshorensi disputes ayikho widely lunxulumano. I-ngobuchule arbitration lokulingana kufuneka urhulumente amaqela' cacisa injongo ufake zabo imbambano ukuba arbitration, i-ekhaya ka-imicimbi ukuba abe arbitrated kwaye igama esikhethiweyo arbitral abachopheli-matyala. Inkundla ayisayi yamkela kunjalo apho kukho elisebenzayo ukubhalwa arbitration isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela elawula imbambano. Njengoko e-United States, arbitration mbasa kwi-China ingaba zokugqibela kwaye hayi appealable, nangona banako kuba bucala yi-iinkundla kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo. Arbitration sele thatha wazuza emhlabeni kuba egqiba i-inshorensi disputes kwi-China. Uninzi insurers ikhethe arbitration ngezizathu ka-ezisebenzayo, iinkalo zobuchule, ukutyeba komhlaba kwaye ukugcina iimfihlo. Arbitrators rhoqo endinako ishishini iinkalo zobuchule kwaye ingaba bazibona ukuba kufuneka ngakumbi capability kunokuba yovavanyo lwabagwebi ka-comprehending-inshorensi imiba. Baye kanjalo kuba considerable ukutyeba komhlaba kwi-formulating i-arbitral kweelwimi esekelwe phezu isidima. Ngaba yadalwa yabucala ye-iingxoxo ufumana enye, usuke waba luncedo phezu litigation. China ubani kakuhle-emiselwe isakhiwo kuba isisombululo ka-abarhwebayo disputes ngo arbitration. I-China Ngamazwe Loqoqosho Urhwebo Arbitration Ikhomishini ne-China Maritime Arbitration Ekhomishini bamele internationally kakuhle-lunxulumano arbitral amaziko ukuba ukukhombisa u-iinqwelo-enxulumene disputes. CMAC kuphela uyayiva maritime olunxulumene disputes kuquka olawula i-inshorensi disputes. Efanayo wabemi litigation imigaqo, amaqela angenise ubungqina ukuxhasa bazo iimpikiswano. I-arbitration isigqeba unako, yi-eyakhe sindululo, ukuqokelela ubungqina kufanelekile kuyimfuneko. Iqela kufuneka disclose ufake enkundleni yamatyala kwaye umchasi bonke ubungqina kwi-apho ke relies. Kwi-China, abachopheli-mediation ibisoloko isetyenziswa extensively ukusombulula abarhwebayo disputes, kuquka i-inshorensi disputes. Zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo nomthetho iqulathe ethile, imithetho kuba inkundla-ihlole mediation. Ngokungafaniyo U.S. litigation apho inkundla ingayalela jonga ityala kwi-ezimeleyo mayuda ukuququzelela septemba uthetha-thethwano, matyala mediation in China ngu lwenziwa ngo umgwebi owongamelayo phezu imbambano. Ukuba abazali bayafikelela kwisivumelwano, inkundla iza kukhupha a mediation memocomment apho uba ngokusemthethweni bophelela kwaye enforceable kanye ukuba wenziwe ukuba akhululwe waza watyikitywa amaqela. Ukuba mediation akusebenzi iziphumo isivumelwano, inkundla kufuneka adjudicate mba ngoko nangoko. Ngokufanayo, arbitration tribunals unakho ngokunjalo mema amaqela ukuba mediate nangaliphi na ixesha phambi kokuba i-arbitral kweelwimi ngu rendered. Ukuba mediation yenguquko, abachopheli-matyala uya kukhupha a mediation memocomment sicwangciso ngaphambili arbitration isicelo kwaye amaqela' kwesi sivumelwano. A mediation memocomment watyikitywa amaqela kwaye inkundla iye efanayo bophelela ukusebenza njengoko i-arbitral kweelwimi. Kungenjalo, i-China Ibhunga kuba Ukukhuthazwa Ngamazwe Urhwebo inikezela elizimeleyo abarhwebayo mediation iinkonzo. Njengoko China ke, oyena elinolwazi mediation umbutho, CCPIT sele phezu amane mediation centers kulo lonke eli lizwe kwaye mediates i-inshorensi, maritime, urhwebo, utyalo-mali, iimali, ezibanzi zezothutho nezinye abarhwebayo disputes. I-CCPIT Mediation Imigaqo ngokukodwa prohibit ulwazi kwi-mediation iingxoxo ukusuka ekubeni wenza-wonke okanye esetyenziswa kwi-ezinye iingxoxo. Enyanisweni, i-inshorensi disputes ingaba ikakhulu kugqitywe nge-noba arbitration okanye litigation, kunye esihlangeneyo mediation lwenziwa ngo ezinkundleni okanye arbitration tribunals. Absent i-arbitration okanye mediation sivumelwano, zonke disputes malunga i-inshorensi izivumelwano unako kuziswa ukuba inkundla apho defendant ngu domiciled okanye apho insured injongo ukhoyo. Kwimpahla ye-inshorensi disputes, ukuba insured ngokulawulwa mba yi lezothutho isithuthi okanye transported izinto, amabango kusenokuba ezenziwe sesi sibini kunye inkundla apho lezothutho isithuthi sibhaliswe, uthutho engqongileyo okanye apho insured kunokwenzeka ingozi yenzekile. A plaintiff unako ukukhetha ukuba ifayile ibango kunye nayiphi na kweenkundla ukuba ingaba kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko. Ukuba ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu iinkundla iyakwazi ukuva ibango, inkundla kuqala seized baya kuba kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko. Lo mlinganiselo xesha ukuzisa i-inshorensi amabango, ngaphandle kokuba loo enxulumene life insurance, emva kweminyaka emibini, ukususela kwilixa xa insured uyayazi okanye bamele ukuba kwazeke radio ka-insured msitho. Ubomi i-inshorensi amabango kuba isihlanu -unyaka kwemida xesha. Lo mlinganiselo xesha kuba amabango enxulumene maritime i-inshorensi izivumelwano ngu emibini, ukubala ukususela kumhla apho peril insured ngokuchasene yenzekile.
China ngu-inshorensi umthetho akusebenzi khankanya kwemida xesha kuba reinsurance disputes.
I-u -unyaka kwemida xesha kuba jikelele isivumelwano disputes kusenokwenzeka ukuba uza kusebenza. Enyanisweni, prevailing imboniselo kukuba kwemida ixesha ngu triggered xa ephambili kuphela sele quantified yayo ilahleko phantsi ephambili ye-inshorensi-nkqubo. China ubani zine -inqanaba inkundla indlela. Ezisisiseko Abantu ke Iinkundla ingaba esekwe kwi-khawunti umphakamo okanye wesithili inqanaba enkulu oomasipala ukuva ezininzi zasekuhlaleni iimeko lokuqala isehlo. Intermediate Abantu ke Iinkundla zi ku prefectural inqanaba kwaye kufuneka kolawulo lwesixeko kwiminyaka ethile ebalulekileyo wobulali iimeko lokuqala isehlo kwaye ibongoza ukusuka Ezisisiseko Abantu ke Iinkundla. Phezulu Abantu ke Iinkundla kuva iimeko kuqala kwiimeko ukuba ingaba enkulu iziphumo zemisebenzi yokufama e yephondo inqanaba ngokunjalo nezibheno ukususela Intermediate Abantu ke Iinkundla. I-Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla ngu ephezulu-matyala umzimba, apho uyayiva nezibheno kwaye supervises nolawulo lwezobulungisa ngabo bonke thoba iinkundla. Njengazo zonke iimeko zasekuhlaleni, i-inshorensi litigation ngolu hlobo lulandelayo China ke u-tier yovavanyo indlela. Kunjalo, weva lokuqala-isehlo inkundla kusenokuba appealed ngathi ilungelo kwaye yesibini-isehlo isihlalo ngokuzenzekelayo reaches finality kwaye asililo appealable. Uninzi iqwalaselekile, China ubani codified isemthethweni indlela ngokusekelwe zasekuhlaleni umthetho indlela. Matyala izigqibo awunayo i-precedential ixabiso ukuba wokubopha thoba iinkundla. I-Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla imiba bophelela"- matyala iinkcazelo"kwi-aplikeshini ye imithetho apho zonke thoba iinkundla kufuneka balandele. Zonke domestic imigaqo-nkqubo ingaba ngokulawulwa Isitshayina umthetho. Langaphandle umthetho angenza isicelo i-inshorensi izivumelwano involving langaphandle insured okanye iinqwelo-inshorensi ngokulawulwa mba ("iinqwelo-enxulumene i-inshorensi izivumelwano"). Amaqela ukuba langaphandle olunxulumene i-inshorensi isivumelwano babe osebenzayo ukuvumela khetha umthetho osebenzayo, kuquka langaphandle umthetho. Xa omabini amaqela ingaba Isitshayina abavela kumazwe angaphandle, Isitshayina umthetho jikelele usebenza. Reinsurance izivumelwano phakathi Isitshayina ceding kuphela kwaye langaphandle reinsurer kanjalo zinokuba ngokulawulwa langaphandle umthetho. Iqela proposing isicelo langaphandle umthetho unelungelo mthwalo ukubonelela kwaye nindivavanye imixholo langaphandle umthetho.
CIETAC kanjalo arbitrates domestic abarhwebayo disputes
Xa inkundla ifumanise oko kunzima ascertain imixholo langaphandle umthetho, Isitshayina umthetho kusebenza endaweni. Ukuba kukho imbambano phezu intsingiselo a standard lokulingana kwi-inshorensi isivumelwano kuvunyelwa ngumthetho i-kuphela, lokulingana uya kuba itolikwa ngokungqinelana yayo ngokufanayo ukuqonda. Ukuba i-standard lokulingana sele ngaphezu kwesinye yokutolika, lokulingana uya kuba construed ngokuchasene kuphela. Kubalulekile kukunceda kakhulu noting ukuba asingabo bonke i-inshorensi izivumelwano ingaba construed abaxhasayo i aggrieved policyholder. Kwimeko apho amaqela imbambano intsingiselo i-inshorensi ixesha okanye umqathango, inkundla iya kuqala jonga oonombumba intsingiselo lokulingana kwaye afumane amaqela' inyaniso-buchule.
Inkundla kugqiba ukuthelekisa intsingiselo lokulingana kwi isiseko amazwi kwaye izivakalisi asetyenziswa isivumelwano, enxulumene clauses ye-isivumelwano, injongo ye-isivumelwano, i-inshorensi urhwebo iindlela ezilungileyo kwaye umthetho-siseko elungileyo ukholo.
Kuphela xa kukho i-ambiguity ingaba inkundla construe i-lokulingana ngohlobo unfavorable ukuba kuphela. no ye-discovery inkqubo ayifumaneki kwi-China. Ngamnye umntu onoxanduva ukuqokelela kwaye presenting ubungqina ukuxhasa yayo zahlukeneyo amabango okanye defenses. Isitshayina umthetho akakwazi kubonelela amaqela nge ekunene ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwi-ulawulo zabo ubhala ngawe. Njengenxalenye pretrial yokulungiselela, inkundla ingayalela ngqo amaqela ukuba disclose kwaye exchange ubungqina ukucacisa zabo imbambano. Kwezinye limited iimeko, inkundla inokuthi, yi-eyakhe sindululo okanye ngalo isicelo a iqela, ukuphanda kunye ukuqokelela ubungqina kwi eyakhe. Inkundla unako kanjalo kukhutshwe i odolo ukuba compel intsebenziswano kunye inkundla-ihlole uphando okanye ukukhusela ubungqina. Isitshayina zasekuhlaleni litigation iqhele ndagqiba kokukhona ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu U.S. Isitshayina umthetho jikelele ifuna ukuba iijaji conclude zasekuhlaleni lawsuits ngaphakathi ezintandathu phezu ukwamkelwa isikhalazo. Esenziwe lula xolisa iingxoxo ezifunekayo ukuze ibe bagqiba zingaphelanga iinyanga ezintathu. Wenkundla yezomgaqo-siseko ka-inkundla ingayalela isibonelelo omnye ulwandiso kuba akukho ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu. Okungaphaya ulwandiso kufuna imvume ngabantu ke, inkundla ngesicelo kakhulu inqanaba.
Nangona i-kuphela kufuneka umthetho elungileyo ukholo ukwenza uphando olululo i insured ke ibango kwaye enze ngokufaneleka coverage determination, Isitshayina iinkundla musa aqonde tort eyimali kuba wrongful denial yokwenza amabango.
I-insured kuphela anelungelo lokuba contractual ulungiso ukuba kuphela uyoyisakala umthetho elungileyo nokholo ukusabela i-insured ke, ibango okanye denies ibango ukuba ayikho ndonwabe disputable pursuant ukuba ngokwemiqathango yecandelo ipolisi ye-inshorensi.
Ezinjalo contractual ulungiso zingabandakanya inkundla-compelled yokusebenza, intlawulo ye-inshorensi izibonelelo nawuphina umonakalo ezibangela ukuba ukususela breach. Extra-contractual okanye punitive umonakalo othe ingaba ngokubanzi hayi ngokwexabiso enokufumaneka ngalo okanye awarded. Kwi-China, iinkundla kunye arbitral tribunals thatha esebenzayo indima ebalulekileyo facilitating settlements phakathi kwamaqela yi-mediation. Ngenxa i-young i-inshorensi yentengiso, amava ziijaji kwaye arbitrators kwi-uphatho i-inshorensi disputes iyaguquguquka.
Kubalulekile prudent ukuhlola ezikhoyo iindlela imbambano isisombululo kwaye khetha ezona ezilungele venue.
Oku kusoloko kuthetha ukumisela phambili imbambano isisombululo ndlela kwaye elawula umthetho ulungiselelo ngexesha xa i-inshorensi isivumelwano kwathiwa, kunye isebenziseke considerations engqondweni.
Nokungabikho U.S. -isimbo discovery yenza zasekuhlaleni litigation kwi-China ngumngeni. Kwi-anticipation a coverage imbambano, i-kuphela kufuneka athabathe onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukukhusela kwaye ufumane ubungqina ukuxhasa yayo izikhundla. Kuphela kufuneka kanjalo ukuhlola malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ka-kokufumana afanelekileyo ubungqina ngokusebenzisa inkundla. Kuthelekiswa U.S. litigation, shorter ixesha isakhelo ukuba conclude a lawsuit, ngexesha enqwenelekayo ukugcina iindleko, kanjalo unika amaqela ngaphantsi ixesha kuqhuba ingxelo yophando. Okokugqibela, i-kuphela kufuneka usoloko cinga egqiba coverage disputes ngaphandle wenkundla, apho unako rhoqo ukuze iindleko-ngobuchule iziphumo. I-opinions isitsho ngabo abo umbhali(s) kwaye azibonisi i-izimvo ka-ifemi, ayo abaxhasi, okanye Portfolio Media Inc, okanye nayiphi na yayo okanye bazo, oomathengathengisa. Eli nqaku ngu kuba jikelele iinkcukacha ngeenjongo kwaye asililo intended ukuba abe kwaye akufunekanga kuthatyathwa njengoko isemthethweni ingcebiso.
