Ukususela Mao ke ukufa kwaye ukuwa kuka - Gang ka-Ezine ngowe, China ke uqoqosho sele grown lotshintsho kwi-linganisa nokubalulekaIqala nge Reforms kwaye Openness phantsi Deng Xiaoping, China sele kujike yenziwe private yeshishini, privatized urhulumente imizi-mveliso, bayakhuthazwa iinqwelo-mali. Namhlanje, kukholisa wathi kunye kwi-China kwaye ukuba ngaphesheya uqoqosho ngu communist kwi-igama kuphela. Ihamba kunye ukwanda langaphandle ishishini inxaxheba koluntu China lifikile ukwanda imfuneko corporate isemthethweni iinkonzo, ezikhokelela ezininzi firms ukuseka kwi-ofisi Beirut okanye i-shanghai kwaye umnikelo i-american abaqondisi-mthetho ithuba umsebenzi kwi-China. Inxalenye yokuqala ka-eli nqaku sichaza amanyathelo ungena China ke isemthethweni ishishini njengokuba foreigner yesibini inxalenye explores iinketho ezikhoyo kwi-Isitshayina ubani onomdla kuwo ngokusemthethweni career.
Njengoko e-United States, langaphandle umthetho iqondo akusebenzi sephepha-mvume omnye senzo umthetho kwi-China kuzo zombini amazwe, kuphela abantu abathe ophunyezwe elo lizwe ke bar exam babe senzo umthetho.
China ngu-ngokungafaniyo ne - US, nangona kunjalo, ukuba akekho kuvumela i-non-abemi ukuba nihlale i-Isitshayina bar. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngaphandle gaining Isitshayina ubumi (kwaye fluency kufuneka okokuba bar exam), i-i-american lawyer ayinakuze senzo Isitshayina umthetho. Nangona kunjalo, s unako ukusebenzisa yakhe kwayo i-american isemthethweni zoqeqesho emsebenzini kuba i-i-american ifemi ke e-ofisini kwi-China. Langaphandle Umthetho Firms ingaba prohibited ukusuka practicing Isitshayina umthetho, oko kuthetha ukuba abanako azibandakanye kwi-isemthethweni senzo ukuba babe involve i-ukuchazwa Isitshayina umthetho.
Langaphandle firms unakho, nangona kunjalo, ukwenza iinkonzo zomthetho ukuba musa involve Isitshayina umthetho.
Umzekelo, i-i-american ifemi-ofisi ayikwazi ukukhombisa u-a Isitshayina yenkampani isemthethweni imicimbi eamerika, anike kokubonisana iinkonzo malunga i-american okanye wamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye entrust imiba Isitshayina umthetho Isitshayina Umthetho Firms egameni langaphandle abaxhasi. Kukho kanjalo regulation ukuba iinqwelo abaqondisi-mthetho kufuneka ube practiced kwelinye kolawulo lwesixeko iminyaka emibini phambi besebenza-China. Nangona kunjalo, kuba umthetho student ngubani anomdla besebenza China ngoko nangoko emva graduation, kubalulekile kukunceda kakhulu noting ukuba practicing kuba ngunyaka omnye kolawulo lwesixeko kanye nje kuthetha practicing kuba uninzi ngonyaka.
Ngoko ke, xa ukhethe graduated ukusuka umthetho esikolweni, ukuba isebenza kuba zisixhenxe zidlulileyo eamerika, ngoko ke isihlanu iinyanga China, ke omnye zisixhenxe zidlulileyo eamerika, kwaye ke enye kwisihlanu iinyanga China, ubuya kuba uvuma ezimbini-unyaka senzo yokuba zilawulwe kwaye baya ke kuvunyelwa ukusebenza kunyaka-macala onke kwi-China.
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwi yintoni langaphandle firms ayenze kwi-China, uninzi exabisekileyo nto i-i-american lamagqwetha ubangela ukuba i-China-ofisi ufumana ulwazi KUTHI umthetho. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isemthethweni amava eamerika ngu kusenokwenzeka ukuba kufuneka okungakumbi kunokuba ibe luncedo i-L. M. Ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi uya revolve jikelele KUTHI umthetho, Isitshayina ulwimi izakhono akavumelekanga ukuba kufuneka nangona kunjalo, useable ulwazi Mandarin ingenza umgqatswa ngakumbi nabafana ukuya ifemi ngenjongo umxhasi ubudlelwane phakathi. Inxalenye II: Ulwazi kuba Isitshayina wesizwe kokuqwalasela a isemthethweni career (kwaye onomdla Americans) Kwi-China, njengoko kwi-nakumanye amazwe, isemthethweni imfundo kusenokuba wazuza ngomhla undergraduate inqanaba. Babe a lawyer, student kufuneka kuqala sibe Imfundo ke iqondo kwaye ngoko okokuba Isitshayina bar, ebizwa ngokuba China National Abachopheli-Njalo. Kukho ezintathu engundoqo iintlobo imisebenzi kuba nguwuphi umgqatswa kufuneka ube iphumeze i-matyala nakwiimviwo: lwabagwebi, abatshutshisi, nabaqondisi-mthetho. Abatshutshisi ezicingelwa zasekuhlaleni izicaka kwaye ingaba ke ngoko phawula ngokwahlukeneyo ezivela kwezinye iintlobo abaqondisi-mthetho. Ukongeza ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-matyala njalo, iijaji kwaye abatshutshisi kufuneka kanjalo okokuba iinkonzo zasekuhlaleni exam, ngexesha abaqondisi-mthetho, kufuneka uzalise ngonyaka ka-sebenza Umthetho Ifemi ukuba abe ngokupheleleyo iphepha-mvume. I-standardized-matyala nakwiimviwo ngu ndonwabe entsha phambi kwayo oko kwi, udibanisa ababonisi base-abagwebi kwaye abatshutshisi wathabatha iimviwo ngokusebenzisa inkundla indlela, nabaqondisi-mthetho ngokusebenzisa Kubulungiseleli Lobulungisa. Na i-american bar, Wesizwe Abachopheli-Njalo usebenzisa zombini iimpendulo ezininzi-oyikhethileyo kwaye essay imibuzo ukuvavanya umgqatswa ke ulwazi inkqubo yomthetho. I-student bakhetha ukuba enkulu kulo mthetho njengoko lokulungiselela esi exam, kodwa majors nawuphi na umxholo kungathatha kuyo. Ukuba student akusebenzi bazive ethambileyo ehleli i-exam emva graduation (ngoba, umzekelo, s yena majored kwi into engelilo umthetho), s abe nzulu umthetho ngendlela ezintathu -unyaka Mfundisi ke lwenkqubo kwaye ke hlala i-exam. Ukongeza ubambe a Imfundo ke enomsila, i-sicelo kwi-Mongameli u-nkqubo kufuneka athabathe exams kwi-politics kwaye langaphandle ulwimi. Ukuba enkulu kulo mthetho ngomhla undergraduate umphakamo, student kufuneka ufumane college abalindi ngasesangweni nakwiimviwo amanqaku aphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba iphepha-mvume abalindi ngasesangweni kwi ngezifundo ukuba ingaba umthetho kwicandelo. China ke college abalindi ngasesangweni nakwiimviwo ubizwa ngokuba gaokao, kwaye a grueling, ezintathu -umhla exam iqulethe ezintathu kufuneka subjects (Isitshayina, langaphandle ulwimi, kwaye imathematika) anesithandathu electives (biology, chemistry, physics, imbali, ucingo, kwaye ezopolitiko imfundo). A student ke chances of admission musa zixhomekeke yayikukwenza kwi gaokao amanqaku, njengoko kukho ezinye considerations ukuba ingaba kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Okokuqala, student ayikwazi isicelo unlimited iyunivesithi, kodwa kufuneka yenza uluhlu iidyunivesithi isebe s yena kakhulu anomdla. Oku kuthetha ukuba student kufuneka ukhethe strategically apho iyunivesithi isicelo kwi, ifana ne i-i-american umthetho student bidding kuba interviews nge ifemi okanye izikhundla kwi lwesibini ijenali. Okwesibini, wesizwe iyunivesithi misela izahlulo kuba bangaphi abafundi kusenokuba ungeniswe ukusuka kwiphondo ngalinye (ngokusekelwe hukou, okanye residency zobhaliso), ngalinye ngezifundo favoring yayo ekhaya phondo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-standard kuba Beirut resident kufuneka ungeniswe Beirut Ngezifundo ngu ngaphantsi kwe-ye student ukusuka kwelinye iphondo kufuneka ungeniswe.
Oku analogous ukuba njani abanye urhulumente izikolo Emelika, ezifana Ngezifundo ka-Virginia, ezifunekayo ukuvala ipesenti ethile yabo iindidi ne-state abahlali, kunye isiphumo ukuba Virginia resident abe ungeniswe kunye amanqaku ukuba ingaba earn kuye yakhe a ukwaliwa okanye waitlist baba s yena a Maryland resident.
Ngoko student kufuneka luqwalasela yakhe yakhe projected gaokao amanqaku ngokunjalo yakhe yakhe hukou esekelwe izithintelo njengoko s yena evaluates enokwenzeka undergraduate iinkqubo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-esilungileyo lobugcisa okanye kumazwe angaphandle ulwimi, kukho akukho ubuncinane amanqaku kwi-ezithile subjects kwi gaokao ezifunekayo ukuze student ukuba abe eligible ukuba enkulu kulo mthetho - student kufuneka ngokulula ufumane amanqaku aphezulu ngokwaneleyo kuba abalindi ngasesangweni kwi oluthile ngezifundo kwaye uluhlu umthetho njengoko umntu usuke waba nkalo zokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, amanqaku aphezulu kwi-humanities electives (imbali, ucingo, kwaye ezopolitiko imfundo) iya ibonakalisa eyona phezu umgqatswa wishing to enkulu kulo mthetho. Ezine eyona ezaziwayo umthetho iinkqubo kwi-national iyunivesithi zi ku Peking Ngezifundo, Jilin Ngezifundo, Wuhan Ngezifundo, kwaye Renmin Ngezifundo. Banininzi ngasese sebenzisa u-mthetho colleges, uninzi famous apho ingaba Beirut Institute of Ezopolitiko Science kwaye Umthetho, Umzantsintshona Institute of Ezopolitiko Science kwaye Umthetho, South Central Institute of Ezopolitiko Science kwaye Umthetho, Umntlantshona Institute of Ezopolitiko Science kwaye Umthetho, kwaye Mpuma-China Institute of Politics kwaye Umthetho. Abemi abathe iphumeze i-bar babe wamsukela careers njengoko lwabagwebi, urhulumente abatshutshisi, okanye private abaqondisi-mthetho. Baye kanjalo zinokuba hired yi-langaphandle Umthetho Firms njengoko isemthethweni assistants Njengenxalenye izithintelo kwi imisebenzi langaphandle Umthetho Firms, ezi firms ingaba prohibited ukusuka hiring Isitshayina abaqondisi-mthetho ukuba senzo Isitshayina umthetho. Langaphandle ifemi babe hire a iphepha-mvume Isitshayina lawyer, kodwa s umele umsebenzi kwi-umthamo we komncedisi kuphela. Eamerika ke ngoku isemthethweni yentengiso, ukusebenza njengoko a isemthethweni druid izakuba i-unprofitable kwaye unstimulating avenue lokugqibela resort kuba iphepha-mvume lamagqwetha, kodwa kumazwe angaphandle firms kwi-China ingakunika kakhulu competitive ahlawule ukuba anomdla Isitshayina abaqondisi-mthetho, ngokunjalo ithuba ukuze bazuze amava ukusebenzela langaphandle abaxhasi kwaye ecaleni iinqwelo-iphepha-mvume abaqondisi-mthetho. Ngokongezelelweyo, nkqu nokuba kungenxa technically disallowed, iinqwelo ifemi uza phantse ngokuqinisekileyo, ube usenza ngokupheleleyo usebenzise Isitshayina lamagqwetha ke zomthetho ulwazi. Eneneni, i-shanghai Bar Association bakhululwe umsebenzi ngowe- demanding ukuba wobulali ofisi langaphandle firms kuba sanctioned kuba ukwaphulwa komthetho abaninzi China ke kwezixhobo zokusebenza ngomhla wabo senzo, kwaye enye ingingqi allegations wenza kwaba ukuba iinqwelo firms kokuba hired ezininzi Isitshayina abaqondisi-mthetho ostensibly njengoko assistants kodwa enyanisweni ukwenza kwi-a lawyer-njenge umthamo. Kubalulekile understandable, ke ngoko, ukuba iyasebenza njengoko i -"druid"e-langaphandle Umthetho Ifemi kusenokuba ngumsebenzi ndonwabe nabafana khetho kuba Isitshayina attorneys. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umtshutshisi iyahlala kunye langaphandle ifemi ixesha elide ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini, s uya kuba surrender yakhe yakhe sephepha-mvume ukuba senzo Isitshayina umthetho. Udibanisa ababonisi base Isitshayina abaqondisi-mthetho kufuneka lumkela ukuba oku career indlela kakhulu ngumngeni ngenxa enkulu ukwanda inani iyunivesithi umnikelo isemthethweni uphando ngaphandle ehambelana ukwanda isemthethweni imisebenzi. Eneneni, ngokunxulumene uluhlu compiled by the Isitshayina Academy Loluntu Sciences kwaye Mycos Institute, umthetho waba yesibini-hardest enkulu oza kufumana umsebenzi kwi- kwaye hardest ngo. Ngokongezelelweyo, njengoko eamerika uninzi umthetho isikolo graduates iza kwenzeka bar kwaye baba eligible ukusebenza njengoko abaqondisi-mthetho, i-China-matyala nakwiimviwo okokuba umyinge kuphela malunga ishumi. Ngokufanelekileyo, udibanisa ababonisi base-mthetho abafundi kufuneka zikhathalele ukuba uphando i-imisebenzi ukuba iya kufumaneka ukuze nabo ukuba babe enkulu kulo mthetho kodwa zange kuba iphepha-mvume ukuba senzo umthetho.
