Iinkundla ingaba osisigxina amasebe SPC
Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithoba juni, Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla-China ("SPC") yamiselwa yayo Yokuqala Ngamazwe Abarhwebayo Inkundla kwi-Shenzhen, Guangdong, kwaye Yesibini Yehlabathi Abarhwebayo Inkundla kwi-Xi'an, Shaanxi ("Iinkundla")Correspondingly, Imigaqo ye i-Supreme Abantu ke, Inkundla kwi Imiba Ethile Malunga Ukusekwa Ngamazwe Abarhwebayo Iinkundla ("umqathango wama -") sele nje ithathwe ukusebenza ngomhla omnye julayi. Le mbasa i-iinzame yi-SPC ukubonelela ngobuchule-matyala ukukhuselwa, kuba"Belt kwaye Ezindleleni"phulo, komhlaba China ke ngamazwe imbambano isisombululo indlela. Kweli nqaku, ndiya angenise engundoqo iindlela kweenkundla, kwaye kwangoko cacisa ezithile misunderstandings apho ndiyakholwa ingaba sele circulating ngaphakathi ngamazwe zoluntu, umthetho practitioners.
Lwabagwebi kweenkundla kutyunjwa yi-SPC ukusuka experienced lwabagwebi abantu abaqhelekileyo kunye iindlela ezilungileyo kwi-ngamazwe commerce notyalo-mali kwaye ekubeni ulwimi umthamo ukusebenza kunye kunye Isitshayina kwaye isingesi.
Okwangoku, SPC sele wonyulwa isibhozo lwabagwebi, kuquka Wang Chuang, Zhu Li, Sun Xiangzhuang, Du Omnci, Shen Hongyu, Zhang Yongjian, Xi Xiangyang, kwaye Gao Xiaoli. A isigqeba kokuva a ingingqi meko iya consist ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu lwabagwebi. Iinkundla iza kuphela kuva ngamazwe zasekuhlaleni kwaye abarhwebayo disputes phakathi no amaqela. Ngamanye amazwi, abo kumphulaphula imo-imo urhwebo okanye utyalo-mali disputes okanye investor-imo disputes. Ngokunxulumene Inqaku ezintathu of the Regulation, disputes ngala"ngamazwe"apho omnye okanye bobabini zamaqela ingaba langaphandle, apho omnye okanye omabini amaqela yithi rhoqo neplanethi abahlala kuyo ngaphandle territory ye-PAPER, apho phantsi mba ibekwe ngaphandle territory ye-PAPER, kwaye apho isemthethweni iinyaniso ukuba dala, ukutshintsha okanye aphelise abarhwebayo ubudlelwane phakathi kwenzeka ngaphandle territory ye-PAPER. Ngokukhethekileyo, Iinkundla iza kugxila ezine iintlobo ngamazwe abarhwebayo disputes: kuqala, imbambano apho amaqela uyavuma ukuba litigate kwi-SPC ngokunxulumene Inqaku amashumi amathathu anesine i-Isitshayina Zasekuhlaleni Procedural Umthetho kwaye isixa-mali kwi-imbambano exceeds RMB ama yezigidi okwesibini, imbambano apho ekuqaleni, kufuneka litigated ngendlela ephakamileyo kodwa waba zingeniswe kwi-SPC ngenxa ephakamileyo ikholelwa ukuba kumele kuviwa ngo - SPC kwaye SPC lilo eliya kuphumeza wesithathu, disputes ukuba kuba nefuthe nationwide wesine, disputes apho elinye amaqela usebenza kuba interim amanyathelo kwi uncedo kuba arbitration, ukumisela bucala kwaye ukunyanzeliswa arbitral mbasa ngokunxulumene Inqaku ishumi elinesine of the Regulation. Kolawulo lwesixeko yinxalenye umqathango wama-ngu-ikakhulu drafted kunye kuwo le kwiindawo zonke ubudlelwane phakathi Iinkundla njengenxalenye SPC kwaye thoba iinkundla.
The Regulation akusebenzi-phantsi lo mba
Phantsi Zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-Nkqubo Nomthetho, SPC sele unelungelo kuva na litigation meko, njengoko ixesha elide njengokuba kubhaliwe ikholelwa ukuba kuba yimfuneko, nto leyo ngaphakathi kolawulo a thoba inkundla.
Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane phakathi arbitration kwaye litigation kwaye phakathi domestic kwaye langaphandle iinkundla kwaye arbitral maziko, kokukhona enzima.
Umzekelo, masithi i-ngamazwe iintengiso isivumelwano phakathi Isitshayina inkampani kwaye Russian omnye kunye lilonke ixabiso RMB omnye bhiliyoni designates omnye kweenkundla njengoko iforam, kodwa xa kukho imbambano isixa-mali kwi-imbambano kuphela RMB amabini anamashumi yezigidi, ingaba Iinkundla ngxi kuba kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko.
Ukuba akunjalo, kuya lower Isitshayina iinkundla kufuneka kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko. Okanye iya lokulingana kuthatyathwa akusebenzi kwaphela ngale imbambano. Yintoni ukuba plaintiff idibanisa omtsha ibango okanye defendant yenza isibali-ibango, njalo ukwenza isixa-mali kwi-imbambano zingaphezu RMB ama million. Ngaphezu koko, masithi efanayo isivumelwano ibonelela ukuba xa isixa-mali kwi-imbambano phantsi RMB ama yezigidi, arbitration phantsi SIAC Imigaqo xa isixa-mali kwi-imbambano exceeds RMB amashumi ezigidi, litigation kwindawo enye kweenkundla. Uza oku lokulingana kuba semthethweni. Misunderstanding: Inqaku elinanye of the Regulation umisela ukuba Iinkundla kusebenza kunye ngamazwe mediation kwaye arbitration amaziko lokusungula umbutho omnye-yeka imbambano isisombululo ndlela. Abanye bakholelwa langaphandle amaziko uza kufumana obandakanyekayo kwaye uza kukwazi ukusebenza ezingama-China. Clarification: wording"ngamazwe"kweli nqaku ibhekisa kunye Isitshayina amaziko kunye amava kwaye reputation kwi-ngamazwe imbambano isisombululo kwaye langaphandle amaziko. Omnye okulungileyo umzekelo kuba Isitshayina ngamazwe arbitral iziko ingaba CIETAC. Eyona obstacles kufuneka ibe zicacisiwe phambi langaphandle amaziko ayikwazi ngokwenene ukufumana obandakanyekayo. Uvula phezulu kwindawo yentengiso kuba ezi langaphandle amaziko kungenzeka kwixesha elizayo kodwa kuya engathndwayo kube kugqitywe nge - SPC. Yiyo loo nto, kufutshane elizayo, amaziko ukuba ukuphakanyiswa umsebenzi kunye Iinkundla kusenokwenzeka ukuba uza kuba Isitshayina amaziko emfundo nge-i-ngamazwe phambili. Misunderstanding: Amaqela ukuba iinqwelo arbitration iingxoxo, angenza isicelo Enkundleni kuba interim amanyathelo. Clarification: Eli misunderstanding izikhondo ukusuka Inqaku ishumi elinesine of the Regulation, apho kubonakala ukuba kuthetha ukuba amaqela, xa ukhethe i-ngamazwe arbitration iziko ukusombulula zabo disputes, angenza isicelo Iinkundla kuba interim amanyathelo, nokuba phambi okanye ngexesha arbitration proceeding. Nangona kunjalo, Inqaku ishumi elinesine akanalo ukuba ukusebenza. I-arbitration iingxoxo kweli Nqaku kuphela jonga abo ihlole phantsi Inqaku elinanye of the Regulation, oko kukuthi arbitration iingxoxo njengenxalenye Iqonga. Amaqela ukuba iinqwelo arbitration iingxoxo involving a Isitshayina iqela? ayikwazi isicelo Isitshayina iinkundla kuba interim amanyathelo kwaye ayikwazi kuba isigqeba ke interim komlinganiselo ii-odolo isetyenzisiwe kwi-China. Ingcaphephe iya kuba ikakhulu bamazwe angaphandle, ingakumbi abo ukusuka"Belt kwaye Ezindleleni"amazwe kunye i-ngamazwe reputation kwaye ingqwalasela. Babe mthetho njengoko mediators ukuba amaqela khetha ngoko ke kwaye ndiya kanjalo uncedo ukuze ascertain kwaye dibanisa langaphandle substantive imithetho ngokunjalo nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe imithetho.
Ngokunxulumene Inqaku ithoba ye-PAPER Umthetho kwi Lwabagwebi, iijaji ka-Isitshayina iinkundla kufuneka Isitshayina abavela kumazwe angaphandle, ngoko ke akwenzeki kuba bamazwe angaphandle kuba lwabagwebi kweenkundla.
I-Ingcali Ikomiti lusekiwe ngoko ke ukuba iinqwelo ingcaphephe unako dlala esebenzayo indima, nangona sesihloko kwi-eba lwabagwebi. Inani ingcaphephe ehleli kwi-Ingcali Ikomiti abe jikelele amathathu ngoko ke njengoko ukulingana nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwaye iyantlukwano. Ukuqeshwa, umhlaba, ulawulo kunye yomvuzo ka-ingcaphephe iya kubonelelwa ngakumbi oluneenkcukacha imigaqo kulandela. Kodwa ke ekhuselekileyo kuthi xa i-ingcali liceliwe ukusebenza ngomhla othile kunjalo, ezifana ascertaining langaphandle umthetho, kwelayisenisi ingcali opinions, okanye ukwenza umsebenzi njengoko mediators, ngoko ke kakhulu kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuya kubakho intlawulo. Misunderstanding: procedural iilwimi kuba ityala phambi Iinkundla kusenokuba isingesi okanye nezinye iinqwelo iilwimi. Clarification: Eli tyala misunderstanding isikhondo ukusuka Inqaku, oko kufuna lwabagwebi kweenkundla ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa isingesi njengoko esenza ulwimi, kwaye Inqaku le, enikezela ukuba, ukuba kuvunyelwene ngazo yi-omnye umntu, umntu unakho angenise ubungqina mathiriyali ngesingesi ngaphandle kwesidingo ka-ukuguqulela kwi Isitshayina. Nangona kunjalo, Umqathango wama-zange mentions ukuba iinkqubo phambi Iinkundla unako kuba ngesingesi okanye amaqela unako argue zabo iimeko ngesingesi. Enyanisweni, ezi asingawo kunokwenzeka phantsi ngoku isemthethweni-sikhokelo. Inqaku ka-Zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-Nkqubo Nomthetho kwi-China ibonelela ukuba iimvavanyo ka iimeko involving langaphandle ezibini kufuneka"ulwimi commonly esetyenziswa kwi-PAPER", ithetha Isitshayina, kuquka iilwimi s kwi- lunxulumano zilandelayo: minorities kwi-China. Inqaku zintandathu - Umthetho kwi-Umbutho eenkundla luquka efanayo yokuba zilawulwe. Le mithetho ingaba superior ukuba Regulation kwaye azinako kancinane yi-SPC nge-matyala iinkcazelo. Ngaphakathi ezikhoyo isemthethweni-sikhokelo, SPC ngu exploring iindlela ukwenza oko ngakumbi convenient kwaye iindleko-iyanelisa amaqela, yiyo loo nto i ukutyeba komhlaba kwi kokufaka ubungqina mathiriyali ngesingesi. Inqaku emihlanu the Regulation ibonelela ukuba isihlalo kweenkundla ngu ufikelele yi-uninzi isigqibo, kwaye dissenting uluvo lwam, ukuba ikhona, zibe idityaniswe kwi isihlalo. Oku kanjalo i-innovative komlinganiselo ye-SPC. Kuya kuba sele nzame (umzekelo, Guangzhou Maritime Inkundla) ukukhuthaza ukupapashwa dissenting opinions kwi-izigwebo kwi-China. Nangona kunjalo, esi senzo ayizange sele widely yamkelwa libhunga ezinye iinkundla, okanye zenziwe kwi-inkqubo esisinyanzelo umthetho.
Inqaku emihlanu the Regulation akufunekanga luthathwe i-umzamo ukukhuthaza esi senzo nationally.
Internationally, ngokufanayo umthetho amazwe afana-United States, ukupapashwa dissenting uluvo lwam ngu-a nomthetho senzo, kodwa zasekuhlaleni umthetho amazwe ezifana France, kubalulekile ezahlukeneyo, apho ngamnye umgwebo ebone njengoko collective isigqibo abachopheli-matyala. Kwi-inkumbulo, China tends aqonde ukuziqhelanisa ka-zasekuhlaleni umthetho amazwe.
Omnye kunokwenzeka enkulu nkxalabo ye-SPC kukuba, ukuba beqiqa ngamnye umntu umgwebi ngu ezaziwayo yi-amaqela, ngoko ke lwabagwebi babe ubuso pressures, izoyikiso okanye reprisals ukusuka amaqela okanye nkqu ukususela ephakamileyo-ups.
Ukuba uqinisekise ukuba musa unobuhle ngaphandle ngomhla rhoqo uhlaziyo ukususela Kluwer Arbitration Hetalia, nceda zibophelele apha.
